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Sunday, December 28, 2008
Saturday, December 27, 2008
"SIMULATION" an overview
Simulation is the most important process in development as well as in monitoring . So let me give some basic idea of SIMULATION.Basically SIMULATION is Something which simulates a system or environment in order to predict actual behaviour. Or you can say "Simulation is the imitation of some real thing, state of affairs, or process. The act of simulating something generally entails representing certain key characteristics or behaviours of a selected physical or abstract system."
Simulation is used in many contexts, including the modeling of natural systems or human systems in order to gain insight into their functioning. Other contexts include simulation of technology for performance optimization, safety engineering, testing, training and education. Simulation can be used to show the eventual real effects of alternative conditions and courses of action.Key issues in simulation include acquisition of valid source information about the referent, selection of key characteristics and behaviours, the use of simplifying approximations and assumptions within the simulation, and fidelity and validity of the simulation outcomes.
Historically, simulations used in different fields developed largely independently, but 20th century studies of Systems theory and Cybernetics combined with spreading use of computers across all those fields have led to some unification and a more systematic view of the concept.
Physical simulation refers to simulation in which physical objects are substituted for the real thing . These physical objects are often chosen because they are smaller or cheaper than the actual object or system.
Interactive simulation is a special kind of physical simulation, often referred to as a human in the loop simulation, in which physical simulations include human operators, such as in a flight simulator or a driving simulator.
Human in the loop simulations can include a computer simulation as a so-called synthetic environment
we are living in computer age so we should talk about computer simulation.A computer simulation (or "sim") is an attempt to model a real-life or hypothetical situation on a computer so that it can be studied to see how the system works. By changing variables, predictions may be made about the behaviour of the system.
In Computer science, simulation has some specialized meanings: Alan Turing used the term "simulation" to refer to what happens when a universal machine executes a state transition table (in modern terminology, a computer runs a program) that describes the state transitions, inputs and outputs of a subject discrete-state machine. The computer simulates the subject machine. Accordingly, in theoretical computer science the term simulation is a relation between state transition systems, useful in the study of operational semantics.
Simulators may also be used to interpret fault trees, or test VLSI logic designs before they are constructed. Symbolic simulation uses variables to stand for unknown values.In the field of optimization, simulations of physical processes are often used in conjunction with evolutionary computation to optimize control strategies.
Simulation in education and training
Simulation is often used in the training of civilian and military personnel. This usually occurs when it is prohibitively expensive or simply too dangerous to allow trainees to use the real equipment in the real world. In such situations they will spend time learning valuable lessons in a "safe" virtual environment. Often the convenience is to permit mistakes during training for a safety-critical system. For example, in simSchool teachers practice classroom management and teaching techniques on simulated students, which avoids "learning on the job" that can damage real students.
Training simulations typically come in one of three categories:
• "live" simulation (where real people use simulated (or "dummy") equipment in the real world);
• "virtual" simulation (where real people use simulated equipment in a simulated world, or virtual environment), or
• "constructive" simulation (where simulated people use simulated equipment in a simulated environment). Constructive simulation is often referred to as "wargaming" since it bears some resemblance to table-top war games in which players command armies of soldiers and equipment that move around a board.
Type of models
Active models
Active models that attempt to reproduce living anatomy or physiology are recent developments. The famous “Harvey” mannikin was developed at the University of Miami and is able to recreate many of the physical findings of the cardiology examination, including palpation, auscultation, and electrocardiography.
Interactive models
More recently, interactive models have been developed that respond to actions taken by a student or physician. recently, these simulations were two dimensional computer programs that acted more like a textbook than a patient. Computer simulations have the advantage of allowing a student to make judgements, and also to make errors. The process of iterative learning through assessment, evaluation, decision making, and error correction creates a much stronger learning environment than passive instruction.
Computer simulators
Simulators have been proposed as an ideal tool for assessment of students for clinical skills.
Programmed patients and simulated clinical situations, including mock disaster drills, have been used extensively for education and evaluation. These “lifelike” simulations are expensive, and lack reproducibility. A fully functional "3Di" simulator would be the most specific tool available for teaching and measurement of clinical skills.
Immersive disease state simulations allow a doctor or HCP to experience what a disease actually feels like. Using sensors and transducers symptomatic effects can be delivered to a participant allowing them to experience the patients disease state.
Such a simulator meets the goals of an objective and standardized examination for clinical competence. This system is superior to examinations that use "standard patients" because it permits the quantitative measurement of competence, as well as reproducing the same objective findings.
simulation is really helpful in these areas
City simulators / urban simulation,Classroom of the future,Digital Lifecycle Engineering, technology ,Finance ,Home-built ,Flight ,Marine ,Military ,Robotics,Automobiles,Automation,Civil construction & architecture, large and complex process and monitoring .
Wednesday, December 24, 2008
Sunday, December 21, 2008
Saturday, December 20, 2008
Basic Math for Process Control
Basic Mathmatics for Process-Controal......
Basic Math for Process Control
By Bob Connell
Download Click Here
Saturday, November 22, 2008
"Semulation" an Introduction
is a computer science-related neologism that combines simulation and emulation. It is the process of controlling an emulation through a simulator.
Semulation in computer science
Digital hardware is described using hardware description languages (HDL) like VHDL, Verilog or System Verilog. These descriptions are simulated together with a problem-specific testbench. The initial functional verification of most IP designs is done via simulation at register transfer level (RTL) or gate level. In an event driven simulation method the code must be processed sequential by a CPU, because a normal computer is not able to process the implemented hardware parallel. This sequential approach leads to long simulation times especially in complex systems on chip (SoC) designs.
After simulation the RTL description must be synthesized to fit in the final hardware (eg.: FPGA, ASIC). This step brings a lot of uncertainties because the real hardware is normally not as ideal as the simulation model. The differences between real world and simulation are a major reason why emulation is used in hardware design.
Generally the simulation and emulation environment are two independent systems. Semulation is a symbiosis of both methods. In semulation one part of a hardware design is processed sequential in software (eg.: the testbench) while the other part is emulated.
An example design flow for semulation is depicted in the following block chart:
The database holds the design and testbench files and the information about the block whether it will be simulated or emulated. The left part shows the normal simulation path where the design files must be compiled for an HDL simulator. The right part of the state chart handles the flow for the emulation system. Design files for the FPGA must be synthesized to the appropriate target technology. A major point in semulation is the connection between the emulation system and the HDL simulator. The interface is necessary for the simulator to handle the connected hardware.
Advantages of Semulation
- Simulation acceleration: Simulating huge designs with an HDL simulator is a tedious task. When the designer transfers parts of the design to an emulation system and co-simulates them with the HDL simulation, the simulation run times can be decreased.
- Using real hardware early in the design flow.
Friday, November 21, 2008
Virtual Instrumentation
is the use of customizable software and modular measurement hardware to create user-defined measurement systems, called virtual instruments.
Traditional hardware instrumentation systems are made up of pre-defined hardware components, such as digital multimeters and oscilloscopes that are completely specific to their stimulus, analysis, or measurement function. Because of their hard-coded function, these systems are more limited in their versatility than virtual instrumentation systems. The primary difference between hardware instrumentation and virtual instrumentation is that software is used to replace a large amount of hardware. The software enables complex and expensive hardware to be replaced by already purchased computer hardware; e. g. analog to digital converter can act as a hardware complement of a virtual oscilloscope, a potentiostat enables frequency response acquisition and analysis in electrochemical impedance spectroscopy with virtual instrumentation.
The concept of a synthetic instrument is a subset of the virtual instrument concept. A synthetic instrument is a kind of virtual instrument that is purely software defined. A synthetic instrument performs a specific synthesis, analysis, or measurement function on completely generic, measurement agnostic hardware. Virtual instruments can still have measurement specific hardware, and tend to emphasize modular hardware approaches that facilitate this specificity. Hardware supporting synthetic instruments is by definition not specific to the measurement, nor is it necessarily (or usually) modular.
Leveraging commercially available technologies, such as the PC and the analog to digital converter, virtual instrumentation has grown significantly since its inception in the late 1970s. Additionally, software packages like National Instruments' LabVIEW and other graphical programming languages helped grow adoption by making it easier for non-programmers to develop systems.
Thursday, November 20, 2008
Monday, November 17, 2008
LabVIEW the new emerging tool
is a powerfull tool developed by NATIONAL INSTRUMENS having many new features....
Increase Throughput with Parallel Test test engineers use LabVIEW, multicore processors, and new bus technologies to create high-performance test systems capable of parallel processing, parallel measurements, and even parallel test on the production floor. Connect to Any Instrument, Any Sensor, Any Bus Built-in I/O and communication libraries in LabVIEW provide native connectivity to any instrument, sensor, bus, or software interface to simplify integration of these components into your test applications.
Boeing Uses LabVIEW to Develop a Low-Cost Test System LabVIEW software and NI hardware helped a single Boeing developer create a high-channel-count, synchronized test system in only six months to measure the effectiveness of new commercial jetliner designs in reducing noise during flight.
Acquire Measurements from Any Sensor, Any Bus LabVIEW may be used to create a fully functional measurement application with analysis and a custom user interface using a variety of PCI- and USB-based data acquisition hardware. Measure in Minutes with LabVIEW and the DAQ Assistant LabVIEW uses the interactive DAQ Assistant and high-level functions to combine the flexibility and scalability of traditional programming languages and the ease of use of configuration-based data acquisition tools.
Acquire, Analyze, and Present Data Quickly with Express VIs to develop a powerful DAQ application that includes advanced analysis and a custom user interface. See how tasks that would take several lines of code in traditional programming languages are interactively configured with Express VIs in LabVIEW.
Use LabVIEW to Program the Next-Generation PLC Industrial engineers pushing the boundaries of controller technology can use LabVIEW graphical programming and programmable automation controllers (PACs) to combine PC functionality with programmable logic controller (PLC) reliability. Add Advanced Analysis to Your PLC Add advanced analysis, signal processing, decision making, and debugging diagnostics to an existing PLC-based industrial application with LabVIEW and OPC connectivity.
Simplify Embedded Development with Graphical System Design Discover how LabVIEW graphical system design software provides domain experts with high-level tools, such as statecharts, to design and implement their systems on off-the-shelf hardware. Get to Market Faster with LabVIEW and COTS Hardware LabVIEW graphical programming and commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) hardware help design teams get products to market faster by accelerating every stage of development - from the earliest stages of design and simulation to prototyping the system with real-world signals and deploying to a chosen processor target.
Prototype and Deploy a Custom Controller with LabVIEWDrivven used LabVIEW and COTS prototyping hardware to quickly develop custom IP for an FPGA-based engine control unit (ECU) in a high-performance motorcycle engine.
Control Industrial Machinery Remotely with LabVIEW Nexans uses LabVIEW and NI reconfigurable embedded hardware to control the hydraulic systems on a remotely operated underwater excavator that prepares the ocean floor for a pipeline to extract natural gas.
Combine Graphical and Textual Programming to Reduce Design Time Reduce embedded design time by using a LabVIEW graphical system design approach to combine the traditionally separate tasks of theoretical design and prototyping. Choose between graphical and textual programming throughout the process. Choose the Software Preferred by Students for Signal Processing Professor Mark Yoder, Ph.D., recently transitioned the signal processing course at Rose-Hulman from The MathWorks, Inc. MATLAB® software to LabVIEW software. Dr. Yoder's research later showed that students prefer LabVIEW as a learning tool by a 3 to 1 margin. MATLAB® is a registered trademark of The MathWorks, Inc.
Students Use LabVIEW to Create Segway-Inspired Machine A senior design team at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute used LabVIEW to develop a two-wheeled robotic locomotion platform inspired by the Segway Human Transporter. With LabVIEW software and NI hardware, the students could use one platform throughout the project.
Boeing Uses LabVIEW to Develop a Low-Cost Test System LabVIEW software and NI hardware helped a single Boeing developer create a high-channel-count, synchronized test system in only six months to measure the effectiveness of new commercial jetliner designs in reducing noise during flight.
Acquire Measurements from Any Sensor, Any Bus LabVIEW may be used to create a fully functional measurement application with analysis and a custom user interface using a variety of PCI- and USB-based data acquisition hardware. Measure in Minutes with LabVIEW and the DAQ Assistant LabVIEW uses the interactive DAQ Assistant and high-level functions to combine the flexibility and scalability of traditional programming languages and the ease of use of configuration-based data acquisition tools.
Acquire, Analyze, and Present Data Quickly with Express VIs to develop a powerful DAQ application that includes advanced analysis and a custom user interface. See how tasks that would take several lines of code in traditional programming languages are interactively configured with Express VIs in LabVIEW.
Use LabVIEW to Program the Next-Generation PLC Industrial engineers pushing the boundaries of controller technology can use LabVIEW graphical programming and programmable automation controllers (PACs) to combine PC functionality with programmable logic controller (PLC) reliability. Add Advanced Analysis to Your PLC Add advanced analysis, signal processing, decision making, and debugging diagnostics to an existing PLC-based industrial application with LabVIEW and OPC connectivity.
Simplify Embedded Development with Graphical System Design Discover how LabVIEW graphical system design software provides domain experts with high-level tools, such as statecharts, to design and implement their systems on off-the-shelf hardware. Get to Market Faster with LabVIEW and COTS Hardware LabVIEW graphical programming and commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) hardware help design teams get products to market faster by accelerating every stage of development - from the earliest stages of design and simulation to prototyping the system with real-world signals and deploying to a chosen processor target.
Prototype and Deploy a Custom Controller with LabVIEWDrivven used LabVIEW and COTS prototyping hardware to quickly develop custom IP for an FPGA-based engine control unit (ECU) in a high-performance motorcycle engine.
Control Industrial Machinery Remotely with LabVIEW Nexans uses LabVIEW and NI reconfigurable embedded hardware to control the hydraulic systems on a remotely operated underwater excavator that prepares the ocean floor for a pipeline to extract natural gas.
Combine Graphical and Textual Programming to Reduce Design Time Reduce embedded design time by using a LabVIEW graphical system design approach to combine the traditionally separate tasks of theoretical design and prototyping. Choose between graphical and textual programming throughout the process. Choose the Software Preferred by Students for Signal Processing Professor Mark Yoder, Ph.D., recently transitioned the signal processing course at Rose-Hulman from The MathWorks, Inc. MATLAB® software to LabVIEW software. Dr. Yoder's research later showed that students prefer LabVIEW as a learning tool by a 3 to 1 margin. MATLAB® is a registered trademark of The MathWorks, Inc.
Students Use LabVIEW to Create Segway-Inspired Machine A senior design team at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute used LabVIEW to develop a two-wheeled robotic locomotion platform inspired by the Segway Human Transporter. With LabVIEW software and NI hardware, the students could use one platform throughout the project.
here is a basic information video about LabVIEW
video source: www.youtube.com
source: www.ni.com
Tuesday, November 11, 2008
ABOUT LIFE
Life is short, and everyone should live life to the fullest! You only get one chance to live. Make it the best. Each person lives differently….so make the spotlights shine on your life .
Live life in the moment. The only thing that is assured in life is this moment and death. So cherish every moment of life and make it worthwhile.
Try making life better for the less fortunate people in the world. They could be anyone, from an orphan in Orisa to a pauper in Mumbai . Some dollars less in your account will not make a significant difference to you but will make an impact on someone’s life. These are the deeds that make you happy in reality, knowing that you have made a difference.
Be comfortable with yourself. Love and accept yourself, even if others don’t. Know who you are. You will naturally become an outgoing person if you can do this. Also, have an internal locus of control (an internal locus of control implies the belief that one is largely in control of the things that happen to her/him), meaning be who you are and stay true no matter the situation. Be strong and continue to grow your entire life.
Accept other people, even if they’re different. Really different. You don’t have to like everyone, just show acceptence and tolerance and you’ll be cool with everyone (extremely important in connections later on). Also understand not everyone has your world view, thinks like you, or has the same values. But one thing everyone does want is to be treated kindly. You can’t judge anyone else because you don’t know what that person has been through and how it’s affected them. Not everyone reacts to the same situations the same way. Some have more tolerance than others. Judging anyone is purely to organize your own little world into making a little more sense.
Find a purpose or meaning to your life. Whether that be a cause to help the world, religion, or just any kind of worthwhile goal (world domination only if you’ll treat the world right).
Accept death. Yes, it can be scary. But it’s going to happen, one day you will die. Let it echo through you, and you can begin to appreciate life. Trust you will be okay. Trust it or you’ll go crazy.Live your life with the motto ” If I die now I die happy .
Live each day as if it’s your last! There’s no day but today to do what you want.
In this idealistic approach, it is also necessary to balance it with reality. Life is a balancing act, it requires constant effort.
Once you make a plan, follow it! There’s no point in making a to-do list or a schedule if you aren’t going to go through with it.
Do not whine about what you don’t have. Enjoy what you have and desire, work towards what you want to have.
Don’t feel jealous of people who are either better looking or have more money, or for that matter have anything that you don’t but desire. Try to achieve it by working hard and making things work for you. Beauty and materialistic things in life don’t last very long. What lasts is your soul. So it is important to have a clean and beautiful soul. trust me friends you will get
“NEW WAY OF LIVING ”
Live life in the moment. The only thing that is assured in life is this moment and death. So cherish every moment of life and make it worthwhile.
Try making life better for the less fortunate people in the world. They could be anyone, from an orphan in Orisa to a pauper in Mumbai . Some dollars less in your account will not make a significant difference to you but will make an impact on someone’s life. These are the deeds that make you happy in reality, knowing that you have made a difference.
Be comfortable with yourself. Love and accept yourself, even if others don’t. Know who you are. You will naturally become an outgoing person if you can do this. Also, have an internal locus of control (an internal locus of control implies the belief that one is largely in control of the things that happen to her/him), meaning be who you are and stay true no matter the situation. Be strong and continue to grow your entire life.
Accept other people, even if they’re different. Really different. You don’t have to like everyone, just show acceptence and tolerance and you’ll be cool with everyone (extremely important in connections later on). Also understand not everyone has your world view, thinks like you, or has the same values. But one thing everyone does want is to be treated kindly. You can’t judge anyone else because you don’t know what that person has been through and how it’s affected them. Not everyone reacts to the same situations the same way. Some have more tolerance than others. Judging anyone is purely to organize your own little world into making a little more sense.
Find a purpose or meaning to your life. Whether that be a cause to help the world, religion, or just any kind of worthwhile goal (world domination only if you’ll treat the world right).
Accept death. Yes, it can be scary. But it’s going to happen, one day you will die. Let it echo through you, and you can begin to appreciate life. Trust you will be okay. Trust it or you’ll go crazy.Live your life with the motto ” If I die now I die happy .
Live each day as if it’s your last! There’s no day but today to do what you want.
In this idealistic approach, it is also necessary to balance it with reality. Life is a balancing act, it requires constant effort.
Once you make a plan, follow it! There’s no point in making a to-do list or a schedule if you aren’t going to go through with it.
Do not whine about what you don’t have. Enjoy what you have and desire, work towards what you want to have.
Don’t feel jealous of people who are either better looking or have more money, or for that matter have anything that you don’t but desire. Try to achieve it by working hard and making things work for you. Beauty and materialistic things in life don’t last very long. What lasts is your soul. So it is important to have a clean and beautiful soul. trust me friends you will get
“NEW WAY OF LIVING ”
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